The China-Russia partnership is a highly consequential geopolitical alignment driven by a shared goal of countering U.S. hegemony and reshaping the international order into a multipolar system. While not a formal alliance, this relationship is strengthened by Russia's increasing economic reliance on China following Western sanctions, which allows Beijing to leverage its influence. Policymakers should note that while the partnership projects deep solidarity (as seen in high-level summits), it remains complex and limited by mutual mistrust and competing strategic interests. This enduring alignment poses a significant challenge to U.S. interests and requires continued diplomatic vigilance.
The Struggle for the Market: Life and Hustle in Cuba’s New Economy
English Summary
The study argues that Cuba's economic reforms are not true market liberalizations but rather state efforts to increase control through complex regulations, which ultimately stifled private initiative and growth. Key evidence shows that the state and market are deeply intertwined, and the overreach of government interventions has led to widespread disillusionment, causing Cubans to increasingly view the state as an antagonist rather than a social unifier. The primary implication is that the failure of the state to manage the market has fueled a massive exodus of young, skilled citizens, posing a significant long-term challenge to Cuba's stability and economic viability.
中文摘要
該研究指出，古巴的經濟改革並非真正的市場自由化，而實質上是國家透過複雜的監管機制來增加控制力的舉措，這最終扼殺了私人主動性和經濟增長。關鍵證據顯示，國家與市場之間存在高度交織性，而政府過度的干預行為已導致普遍的幻滅感，使得古巴民眾日益將國家視為對立面而非社會凝聚的統一力量。主要的政策意涵是，國家未能有效管理市場，導致大量年輕、高技能公民外流，對古巴的長期穩定和經濟可行性構成了重大挑戰。
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