The China-Russia partnership is a highly consequential geopolitical alignment driven by a shared goal of countering U.S. hegemony and reshaping the international order into a multipolar system. While not a formal alliance, this relationship is strengthened by Russia's increasing economic reliance on China following Western sanctions, which allows Beijing to leverage its influence. Policymakers should note that while the partnership projects deep solidarity (as seen in high-level summits), it remains complex and limited by mutual mistrust and competing strategic interests. This enduring alignment poses a significant challenge to U.S. interests and requires continued diplomatic vigilance.
Computing in the Age of Decolonization: India’s Lost Technological Revolution
English Summary
The analysis argues that India's historical failure to become a major electronics manufacturing power, despite early successes like the TIFRAC project, was not a scientific deficiency but a structural policy failure. Key evidence points to the state's tendency to support single, flagship projects rather than cultivating a comprehensive industrial ecosystem. This resulted in a weak domestic manufacturing base, forcing reliance on imported components despite advanced scientific talent. The implication for policy is that India's current push for technological self-reliance is likely to face similar hurdles, requiring a shift from project-based support to robust industrial policy development.
中文摘要
該分析指出，印度歷史上未能成為主要的電子製造強國，即使在TIFRAC等早期成功項目之後，其原因並非科學技術上的缺陷，而是結構性的政策失誤。關鍵證據顯示，印度政府傾向於支持單一的「旗艦項目」，而非培育一個全面的產業生態系統。這導致了國內製造基礎薄弱，儘管擁有先進的科學人才，卻仍被迫依賴進口組件。政策上的啟示是，印度目前推動的技術自立化進程，很可能會面臨類似的障礙，這要求其政策重心必須從單一項目支持，轉向健全的產業政策發展。
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