The article argues that recent executive overreach and politicization have severely undermined established norms of U.S. civil-military relations. To restore professional standards, the incoming Congress must actively exercise its oversight powers, moving beyond mere criticism to demanding transparency in defense policy and personnel decisions. Key reforms include enforcing meritocratic promotion processes, requiring documented justification for senior officer removals, and preventing the partisan use of the military. These actions are crucial for bolstering public trust and ensuring the military remains a nonpartisan instrument of civilian control.
Factors that influence employees' perceptions and experiences of working within the treatment and recovery sector in England
English Summary
This RAND evaluation assesses the implementation of England's major workforce transformation program for drug and alcohol treatment and recovery. The study argues that employee perceptions and job sustainability are critically influenced by a combination of contextual resources and staff attitudes, analyzed through the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model. Key findings highlight that simply increasing funding is insufficient; true sustainability requires systemic improvements in service delivery. Policymakers must therefore prioritize developing clear career pathways, improving supervision quality, and managing caseloads to stabilize the workforce and ensure consistent, high-quality care.
中文摘要
這份蘭德機構（RAND）評估報告旨在檢視英格蘭推動的藥物和酒精治療及復原領域的重大人力資源轉型計畫的實施情況。研究指出，員工的感知和工作職位的永續性，受到情境資源和員工態度的綜合影響，並透過工作要求-資源（Job Demands-Resources, JD-R）模型進行分析。主要發現強調，單純增加資金是不足夠的；真正的永續性需要服務提供模式的系統性改善。因此，政策制定者必須優先考慮建立明確的職涯發展路徑、提升督導品質，以及合理管理工作 caseload，以穩定人力資源，確保持續且高品質的照護服務。
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