The article argues that recent executive overreach and politicization have severely undermined established norms of U.S. civil-military relations. To restore professional standards, the incoming Congress must actively exercise its oversight powers, moving beyond mere criticism to demanding transparency in defense policy and personnel decisions. Key reforms include enforcing meritocratic promotion processes, requiring documented justification for senior officer removals, and preventing the partisan use of the military. These actions are crucial for bolstering public trust and ensuring the military remains a nonpartisan instrument of civilian control.
Managing Systemic Supply Chain Risk to the U.S. Economy from Trade Concentration and Geopolitical Conflict: The Roles of Insurance and Other Hedging Strategies
English Summary
This RAND report argues that systemic supply chain risks from geopolitical conflict are significant and underappreciated, particularly in sectors like nonferrous metals and electrical components sourced from countries such as Brazil and India. The authors find that private insurance is ill-suited for managing these correlated, large-scale risks, while government interventions often lack necessary market-sensing mechanisms to prevent unsustainable private practices. To enhance resilience, the report recommends that the U.S. government track conflict-dependency overlaps and that industries adopt 'Til Needed' hedging options—private contracts for surge capacity—to bridge the gap between market incentives and national economic security.
中文摘要
這份蘭德公司（RAND）報告主張，地緣政治衝突引發的系統性供應鏈風險既重大且未受足夠重視，特別是在從巴西和印度等國採購的有色金屬和電子元件領域。作者發現，私人保險不適合管理這些具高度關聯性的大規模風險，而政府干預通常缺乏必要的市場監測機制，無法防止不可持續的私人行為。為提升韌性，報告建議美國政府應追蹤衝突與依賴關係的重疊，且產業界應採用「待需而用」（'Til Needed）的對沖方案——即針對激增產能的私人合約——以彌合市場誘因與國家經濟安全之間的落差。
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