The China-Russia partnership is a highly consequential geopolitical alignment driven by a shared goal of countering U.S. hegemony and reshaping the international order into a multipolar system. While not a formal alliance, this relationship is strengthened by Russia's increasing economic reliance on China following Western sanctions, which allows Beijing to leverage its influence. Policymakers should note that while the partnership projects deep solidarity (as seen in high-level summits), it remains complex and limited by mutual mistrust and competing strategic interests. This enduring alignment poses a significant challenge to U.S. interests and requires continued diplomatic vigilance.
Reading Full Books in Secondary English Language Arts Classrooms: Findings from the Spring 2025 American Instructional Resources Survey
English Summary
A RAND survey of secondary English Language Arts teachers reveals that two-thirds plan to assign one to four full books annually, but teachers serving disadvantaged students assign fewer. While most teachers assign more books than their curricula require, those using publisher-developed materials assign fewer. The findings suggest a potential link between assigning full books and increased student engagement with grade-level texts, highlighting the importance of revisiting curriculum design and instructional practices to prioritize full-length works.
中文摘要
RAND 智庫的一項調查顯示，大多數中學英語語言藝術教師計劃每年指定一到四本完整書籍作為閱讀材料，但服務於弱勢學生的教師則傾向於指定較少的書籍。儘管大多數教師指定的書籍數量超過課程大綱的要求，使用出版社提供的教材的教師指定的書籍數量相對較少。研究結果表明，指定完整書籍與學生參與年級水平文本之間可能存在關聯，突顯了重新審視課程設計和教學實踐，以優先考慮完整作品的重要性。
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