The article argues that recent executive overreach and politicization have severely undermined established norms of U.S. civil-military relations. To restore professional standards, the incoming Congress must actively exercise its oversight powers, moving beyond mere criticism to demanding transparency in defense policy and personnel decisions. Key reforms include enforcing meritocratic promotion processes, requiring documented justification for senior officer removals, and preventing the partisan use of the military. These actions are crucial for bolstering public trust and ensuring the military remains a nonpartisan instrument of civilian control.
How School Cell Phone Policy Strictness Shapes Student Phone Use: Selected Findings from the American Youth Panel
English Summary
Research indicates that while strict school cell phone policies significantly mitigate student phone checking, they do not eliminate the behavior. The key finding is that student checking frequency correlates strongly with both the restrictiveness of the school's policy and the perceived strictness of its enforcement. Even in highly restrictive environments, students report using evasive tactics and continuing to check their phones. Policymakers should therefore move beyond implementing blanket bans, focusing instead on consistent, visible enforcement and acknowledging student skepticism regarding the overall efficacy of these rules.
中文摘要
研究指出，雖然嚴格的校園手機政策能顯著減輕學生的查看手機行為，但並不能完全根除此行為。關鍵發現是，學生的查看頻率與學校政策的限制程度，以及學生對政策執行嚴格度的感知程度呈強相關。即使在高度限制的環境下，學生仍報告使用規避手段，並持續查看手機。因此，政策制定者應超越實施一刀切的禁令，轉而著重於持續且可見的執行力，並承認學生對這些規定整體有效性的懷疑。
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