The article argues that recent executive overreach and politicization have severely undermined established norms of U.S. civil-military relations. To restore professional standards, the incoming Congress must actively exercise its oversight powers, moving beyond mere criticism to demanding transparency in defense policy and personnel decisions. Key reforms include enforcing meritocratic promotion processes, requiring documented justification for senior officer removals, and preventing the partisan use of the military. These actions are crucial for bolstering public trust and ensuring the military remains a nonpartisan instrument of civilian control.
An Analysis of Zearn Math Implementation Costs
English Summary
This RAND analysis assessed the implementation costs of Zearn Math, a K–8 math software platform, finding that the average per-student cost was $35.75 over two years, positioning it as a cost-effective educational tool. The report combines this cost data with randomized controlled trial results, concluding that Zearn Math is a promising approach to improving student math achievement and addressing persistent learning gaps. While the study noted that complex district procurement practices complicated calculating a cost-effectiveness ratio, the findings provide valuable guidance for school districts and policymakers. Overall, the research suggests that adopting adaptive educational technology can improve foundational skills and academic outcomes in a resource-conscious manner.
中文摘要
這份RAND分析評估了K至8年級數學軟體平台Zearn Math的實施成本，發現平均每名學生的兩年成本為35.75美元，使其成為具成本效益的教育工具。該報告將此成本數據與隨機對照試驗結果結合，結論指出Zearn Math是提升學生數學成就和彌補持續學習差距的潛力方法。儘管研究指出複雜的學區採購實務使計算成本效益比變得複雜，但其發現仍為學區和政策制定者提供了寶貴的指導。總體而言，這項研究表明，採用適應性教育技術可以在節省資源的前提下，改善基礎技能和學術成果。
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