The China-Russia partnership is a highly consequential geopolitical alignment driven by a shared goal of countering U.S. hegemony and reshaping the international order into a multipolar system. While not a formal alliance, this relationship is strengthened by Russia's increasing economic reliance on China following Western sanctions, which allows Beijing to leverage its influence. Policymakers should note that while the partnership projects deep solidarity (as seen in high-level summits), it remains complex and limited by mutual mistrust and competing strategic interests. This enduring alignment poses a significant challenge to U.S. interests and requires continued diplomatic vigilance.
South Korea As A Rising Defence Exporter Challenges And Opportunities
English Summary
The paper argues that South Korea is becoming a major defence exporter, especially as European states accelerate rearmament and seek reliable suppliers beyond traditional sources. It attributes Seoul’s rise to a combination of scalable industrial capacity, relatively fast delivery timelines, competitive pricing, and growing political-strategic alignment with European security priorities. The analysis also highlights constraints, including production bottlenecks, technology-transfer sensitivities, sustainment demands, and the need to balance exports with South Korea’s own military readiness and regional risks. Strategically, it suggests Europe–South Korea cooperation should move from one-off procurement to longer-term partnerships in co-production, interoperability, and supply-chain resilience.
中文摘要
該論文主張，南韓正成為主要國防出口國，尤其在歐洲國家加速重整軍備、並尋求傳統來源之外的可靠供應商之際更為明顯。文中將首爾崛起歸因於可擴張的工業產能、相對快速的交付時程、具競爭力的價格，以及與歐洲安全優先事項日益增強的政治與戰略一致性。分析亦指出若干限制，包括生產瓶頸、技術移轉敏感性、後勤維保需求，以及必須在出口與南韓自身軍備妥善度及區域風險之間取得平衡。就戰略層面而言，文章建議歐洲與南韓的合作應由一次性採購，轉向在共同生產、互通性與供應鏈韌性方面的長期夥伴關係。
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