The China-Russia partnership is a highly consequential geopolitical alignment driven by a shared goal of countering U.S. hegemony and reshaping the international order into a multipolar system. While not a formal alliance, this relationship is strengthened by Russia's increasing economic reliance on China following Western sanctions, which allows Beijing to leverage its influence. Policymakers should note that while the partnership projects deep solidarity (as seen in high-level summits), it remains complex and limited by mutual mistrust and competing strategic interests. This enduring alignment poses a significant challenge to U.S. interests and requires continued diplomatic vigilance.
Advancing European Military Capacity In Space
English Summary
This IISS report argues that European NATO allies must accelerate development of independent military space capabilities to reduce dangerous dependence on the United States in a contested space domain threatened by Russia's demonstrated counterspace capabilities. Europe currently relies heavily on the US for critical functions including satellite launch, intelligence-surveillance-reconnaissance, missile early warning, and space situational awareness. While European nations have announced significant investments totaling over $100 billion by 2030, these remain fragmented national efforts rather than a coherent strategic framework. The report concludes that burden-sharing with the US would require at least $10 billion and a decade to address critical capability gaps, while true European autonomy would require $25 billion and extend into the late 2030s. Europe requires integrated command-and-control, hardened ground infrastructure, and coordinated procurement among member states to translate space assets into actual deterrence and operational effectiveness.
中文摘要
本份IISS報告主張，歐洲NATO盟國必須加快發展獨立的軍事太空能力，以減少對美國的危險依賴，並應對俄羅斯所展示的反太空能力對競爭激烈太空領域帶來的威脅。歐洲目前在衛星發射、情報監視偵察、導彈預警和太空態勢感知等關鍵功能上嚴重依賴美國。雖然歐洲國家宣佈到2030年將投資總計超過1,000億美元，但這些仍為零碎的國家級努力，而非協調一致的戰略框架。報告結論認為，與美國進行負擔分擔需要至少100億美元和十年時間方能彌補關鍵能力差距，而歐洲真正的自主性則需要250億美元的投資，影響期延至2030年代後期。歐洲須建立整合指揮控制、強化地面基礎設施，並在成員國間協調採購，方能將太空資產轉化為實際的嚇阻能力和作戰有效性。
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