The China-Russia partnership is a highly consequential geopolitical alignment driven by a shared goal of countering U.S. hegemony and reshaping the international order into a multipolar system. While not a formal alliance, this relationship is strengthened by Russia's increasing economic reliance on China following Western sanctions, which allows Beijing to leverage its influence. Policymakers should note that while the partnership projects deep solidarity (as seen in high-level summits), it remains complex and limited by mutual mistrust and competing strategic interests. This enduring alignment poses a significant challenge to U.S. interests and requires continued diplomatic vigilance.
The New Resource Curse
English Summary
The transition to critical minerals (lithium, cobalt, rare earths) presents a 'new resource curse' far more volatile than the historical oil curse. This risk is amplified by the rapid technological shifts, the geographical concentration of deposits, and the fact that China currently dominates the processing and refining stages for most critical minerals. Unlike the stable, rules-bound oil market, the current geopolitical environment lacks a reliable global governance framework, making supply chains highly susceptible to state-level geopolitical throttling. Policymakers must therefore prepare for unprecedented structural instability, necessitating strategic efforts to diversify supply chains and mitigate risks associated with technological and geopolitical competition.
中文摘要
轉向關鍵礦物（如鋰、鈷、稀土）的過程，帶來了一種比歷史石油詛咒更為不穩定的「新資源詛咒」。這種風險因快速的技術轉型、礦藏的地理集中化，以及中國目前主導大多數關鍵礦物加工和精煉環節而加劇。與穩定、規則化的石油市場不同，當前的地緣政治環境缺乏可靠的全球治理框架，使得供應鏈極易受到國家層級地緣政治的限制或扼制。因此，政策制定者必須為前所未有的結構性不穩定做好準備，有必要採取戰略努力來分散供應鏈，並減輕與技術和地緣政治競爭相關的風險。
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