The China-Russia partnership is a highly consequential geopolitical alignment driven by a shared goal of countering U.S. hegemony and reshaping the international order into a multipolar system. While not a formal alliance, this relationship is strengthened by Russia's increasing economic reliance on China following Western sanctions, which allows Beijing to leverage its influence. Policymakers should note that while the partnership projects deep solidarity (as seen in high-level summits), it remains complex and limited by mutual mistrust and competing strategic interests. This enduring alignment poses a significant challenge to U.S. interests and requires continued diplomatic vigilance.
Fixing the Fed’s Balance Sheet Requires a Market-Based Approach
English Summary
This CATO analysis argues that the Federal Reserve should shrink its bloated balance sheet by reverting to a market-based approach where banks lend reserves to each other, rather than maintaining the current system where the Fed supplies most liquidity. The authors contend that the pre-2008 framework featured a functional interbank lending market that provided superior market discipline and price signals while coinciding with the Great Moderation's stable inflation and unemployment, whereas the post-2008 system created reserve abundance and has been associated with persistent inflation. Both contemporary 'supply-side' and 'demand-side' reform proposals fail to restore a true interbank market; the best solution is systematic reduction in the Fed's securities holdings to restore market-based reserve pricing and align the Fed's role with its function as lender of last resort.
中文摘要
本分析主張聯邦準備委員會應透過重振市場導向機制來縮小其膨脹的資產負債表，使銀行相互借貸準備金，而不是繼續由聯準會供應大部分流動性的現行制度。作者認為，2008年前的框架具有正常運作的銀行間借貸市場，提供優越的市場紀律與價格信號，並對應大穩定時期的穩定通膨與失業率；而2008年後的制度導致準備金泛濫，並與持續通膨相關聯。當代「供給側」和「需求側」改革方案都無法恢復真正的銀行間市場；最佳解決方案是系統性地減少聯準會的證券持有量，以恢復市場導向的準備金定價，並使聯準會角色與其最後貸款人職能相符。
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