The China-Russia partnership is a highly consequential geopolitical alignment driven by a shared goal of countering U.S. hegemony and reshaping the international order into a multipolar system. While not a formal alliance, this relationship is strengthened by Russia's increasing economic reliance on China following Western sanctions, which allows Beijing to leverage its influence. Policymakers should note that while the partnership projects deep solidarity (as seen in high-level summits), it remains complex and limited by mutual mistrust and competing strategic interests. This enduring alignment poses a significant challenge to U.S. interests and requires continued diplomatic vigilance.
Thinking about the growing housing affordability problem
English Summary
The report argues that the U.S. housing affordability crisis is driven by a chronic deficiency in supply rather than demand-side issues. It finds that popular demand-side subsidies, such as 50-year mortgages or interest rate buydowns, are counterproductive because they inflate prices in an inelastic market. To address this, policymakers should focus on supply-side interventions like upzoning, standardizing modular housing, and reforming property tax systems to tax land more than structures. Ultimately, meaningful progress requires reducing local regulatory control to overcome systemic biases against new residential development.
中文摘要
該報告指出，美國住房負擔能力危機是由於供給長期不足，而非需求端的問題所驅動。研究發現，受歡迎的需求端補貼（例如 50 年期抵押貸款或利率補貼）在彈性不足的市場中會推高房價，因此適得其反。為了解決這一問題，政策制定者應專注於供給端的干預措施，如放寬土地使用分區管制（upzoning）、將模組化住宅標準化，以及改革財產稅制度以提高土地稅比重。最終，若要取得實質進展，必須減少地方監管控制，以克服對新住宅開發的系統性偏見。
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